Low twisted yarns can also be used for spiralityfree. Single jersey cotton weft knitted fabrics tend to undergo a certain dimensional changes due to different yarn parameters and knitting parameters. Effects of yarn and fabric construction on spirality of. Study on different types of knitting faults, causes and. The most suitable method for producing spiralityfree single jersey fabrics is by knitting twofolded yarns. Spirality in knitted fabric omics publishing group. Spirality is a problem in knitted fabrics, especially in the apparel industry. Major defects of knitted fabric textile merchandising. From this study, it is clear that spirality depends on feed density, machine cut, and loop shape, but the magnitude of spirality can be offset by the selection of yarn twist direction. Shrinkage testing process for knitted fabric youtube. An investigation about spirality angle of cotton single. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image. Knitted fabri c, spirality, steam setting 1 introduction several techniques dealing with yarn and fabric processing have been adopted to overcome spirality.
Iso 8388, knitted fabrics types vocabulary 3 terms and definitions for the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in iso 4921, iso 8388 and the following apply. This in house test method describes the method of test in order to determine the spirality test method which occurs in a material resulting from laundering procedures. Pdf spirality is a problem in knitted fabrics, especially in the. In addition, we have shown that a reduction in yam torque can only partially reduce fabric spirality, but the use of plied yams and plaiting techniques may. Note that some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Shape factor is an important factor, which can change the fabric spirality.
Even though aspects of spirality have been studied in the literature, no papers have appeared which explicitly. Spirality is a dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functional performance of knitted fabrics and the garments produced from them which appear as the. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics of all types caused by a variety of reasons. Effects of different count and stitch length on spirality, shrinkage and gsm of knit fabrics. Dimensional stability of knitted fabric is a key factor for garments manufacturing. Fabric spirality tester is a equipment for dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics. Garment assembly using circular knitted fabric is called full cut and sew.
Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by. There are different types of defects found in knitted fabric, but the defects of knitted fabric is less than woven fabric. This paper focuses on spirality of the single jersey knitted fabrics as key. Results of an experimental investigation are statistically analyzed considering the effects of yarn fabric construction factors on the spirality behavior of laboratory produced singlejersey fabrics. Spirality arising from loop distortion in singlejersey knitted fabrics is discussed. The concept of tightness factor leads to the property of normality of a knitted fabric. Effects of yarn and fabric construction on spirality of cotton single. In a flat piece, the yarn is raveled back and forth. Read article about read article on causes of spirality in knitted fabrics, remedial measures of spirality in knitted fabrics, influence of yarn properties, influence of fabric properties and. Causes and remedial measures of spirality in knitted fabrics. M faridul azad assistant professor head of the department department of fabric manufacturing technology pabna textile engineering college, shalgaria, pabna6600 name exam roll reg. Without the knowledge of the gauge effect on the knitted fabric there is huge probability of wastage in cutting section.
Spirality definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses article pdf available in fibres and textiles in eastern europe 3 july 2005 with 661 reads how we measure reads. Various defects in knitted fabrics affect the quality but spirality is the most common fault that affects the single jersey knit wear fabric. Skewness and spirality of knitted structures posevnost in. Evaluation of spirality in knitted fabrics calculation of. Some of them dont come in pdf but you can still print it out in doc form. The angle between wale and a line drawn perpendicular to the course is the measure of spirality. The most suitable method for producing spiralityfree single jersey fabrics is by knitting twofolded yarnsl. Above graph shows plot of averages spirality angle versus stitch length. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Spirality is particularly serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation, and it may exist in grey, washed or finished state.
You can find patterns for girl, scarf patterns, interesting home project patterns, and more. Introduction celik spirality is a common problem in weft and warp knitted fabric. The spirality angle of the fabrics knitted with ring yarns are very high comparing. Spirality is particularly serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation. The proposed algorithm has yielded fast and accurate results. A study on spirality of single jersey knitted fabric. Knitted fabric faults can also be detected by inspecting yarn input tension and loop but only few types of faults are concerned by these methods. Besides the torque, spirality is also governed by fibre parameters, crosssection, yarn formation system, yarn geometry, knit structure and fabric finishing. If you have your own pdf patterns you want to add to this page, please submit photo and file. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics of all.
Effect of wales wise increment of tuck loop on fabric width. In other words, spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops which turns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90 degree. Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and oneofakind products and gifts related to your search. Part idescriptive approach to the effect a primentasa school of textile industries, the university of leeds, leeds ls2 9jt, uk received 5 october 2001. Feb 24, 2015 project report in general the angle of spirality values are decreasing, when the tightness factor values are getting tight in the all knitted fabric samples. All the knitting patterns listed here are designed by myself. Inclination and distortion of loops within knitted structures are commonly known as skewness and spirality. Spirality in knitted fabric jamshaid h department of knitting, national textile university, pakistan. Evaluation of spirality in knitted fabrics calculation. Percentage of wale spirality change in knitted garments. However, these fabrics are not as stretchable as the weft knitted fabrics. A defect of the knitted fabric is an abnormality which spoils the aesthetics i.
The main source of spirality is the twist liveliness of the yarn used. Knitted fabric is produced, the garment pieces are cut out of the fabric and assembled, usually by overlock stitch as this binds the cut edges and joins the fabric together at the. To make the fabric dimensionally stable fabric width, shrinkage, spirality and areal density should be under tolerance limit. It works at the entrance of a compactor or a calender machine.
Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment. Transformation fft on woven fabric toriumi 8 measured. Also it is responsible for the others properties of the knitted fabric like the shrinkage, spirality, strength etc. Defects in knitted fabrics, skew, bias, bowing, twisting, knots, thick yarn, thin yarn, uneven yarn structure, course yarn, slub, needle line, needle run, fabric run. It is undesirable as it can lead to displacement of seams, mismatched patterns and other sewing difficulties. Spirality is a very common problem in single jersey. Read article about read article on evaluation of spirality in knitted fabrics, calculation of spirality in knitted fabrics, determination of angle of wale spirality and measurement of spirality angle. Pdf spirality in knitted fabric rama moorthi govindan.
Spirality appears mostly in single jersey knitted fabrics. In slack knitted fabric structures, the loop can easily find area to rotate so spirality is increasing. Effects of different count and stitch length on spirality. Ahsanul haque, but more free space will found in the fabric. Weft knitted structures are affected by various forms of dimensional distortion. It is also seen in the graph below that for a particular count and tpi, spirality is decreasing with the increment of the shape factor. A machine for controlling the final spirality of tubular knitted fabric. Study on the important factors influencing spirality of weft. Spirality is a dimensional distortion in the circular knitted fabric. Pdf weft knitted structures are affected by various forms of dimensional distortion.
Human inspection by using knitted fabric inspection machines remains today the most used way to classify faults after knitting and after finishing 5. Spirality in knitted fabric hilaris publishing srl. The two classes of knitted fabrics are the filling knit and the warp knit. Circular knitting, machine gauge, gsm, shrinkage, spirality. Fabrics made on 1632 knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment. Generally is the compactness of fabric which reduces the spirality tendency of it. Shrinkage testing process for knitted fabric tex solution. I would like to discuss about the major defects of knitted fabric.
Knitted fabric structure plays an important role on dimensional properties. Determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses. Test methods for measuring fabric spirality in knitted fabrics are outlined. This process is similar to the type of production route used for woven garments. Pdf a study on spirality of single jersey knitted fabric. Spirality in cotton knit fabrics before and after compacting using selected yarn count and stitch length materials and methods the single jersey knit fabrics were produced from selected three different yarn count 24s1 26s1, 28s1, and 30s1 by jiunn long taiwan knitting machine with three different stitch length.
Causes of spirality in knitted fabrics remedial measures. In general, the knitted fabrics have more stretchable property compared to the woven fabrics. Shop fabric like jersey knit, double knit, ponte knit, sweater knit and more. In this study the experimental results show that when yarn count is fixed, the increment of. Fabric width, shrinkage, spirality and areal density of weft knitted fabric presence of tuck loop in knitted fabric structure changes fabric dimensional characteristics. The most suitable method for producing spirality free single jersey fabrics is by knitting twofolded yarnsl. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses.
Circular knitted fabric an overview sciencedirect topics. Lesson 8 knitting and basic k information and library. The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of tuck loop on fabric width, shrinkage and spirality at grey and finished state. This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop an algorithm to determine the angle of spirality using image analyses. Pdf skewness and spirality of knitted structures researchgate.
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